The Ups and Downs of Capitalism

Ben Bernanke on the ‘Great Depression’ and the ‘Great Inflation’

An interview with introduction by Brian Snowdon

Published: June 2002


Ben Bernanke is a leading macroeconomist who has contributed extensively to the literature on business cycles, monetary policy, the role of financial markets in economic fluctuations, inflation targeting and the economics of the Great Depression. He is one of the six economists who form the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee, a group that determines the dates of recessions in the US. In this article/interview Professor Bernanke discusses issues relating to the Great Depression of the 1930s and problems relating to inflation in the latter half of the twentieth century.



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Milton Friedman, 1912–2006

Milton Friedman is best known as the founding father and leading exponent of the monetarist school of macroeconomic thought, and for championing the case for the efficacy of free markets in a wide variety of contexts. Without doubt, Friedman’s ideas have influenced the research agenda of a whole generation of economists as well as those who influence public policy throughout the world. Friedman’s extraordinary gifts of communicating complicated ideas allowed him to become one of the very few economists who are well known outside the economics profession. As well as his many scientific contributions, Friedman sought to communicate his views on a wide range of issues to non-economists. His gift for writing about topics in applied economics, accessible to a mass audience, established Friedman as one of the world’s most famous economists. Throughout his professional academic life, because of his high public profile, the ideas of Milton Friedman certainly aroused strong reactions from both opponents and supporters, and, until very recently, with respect to many of his ideas, he swam against a strong and extremely hostile tide of opinion. However, whatever view is held about Friedman’s libertarian political and economic philosophy, most commentators would agree that his recent passing brings to an end the life of the last great economist guru of the twentieth century. In this paper, Brian Snowdon and Howard Vane review his most influential contributions to economic analysis and political economy.

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James Tobin, 1918–2002
Author: An interview with introduction by Brian Snowdon & Howard Vane

Professor James Tobin, who died on 11 March 2002, was possibly the most eminent of the world’s ‘Keynesian’ economists. Described by Nobel Laureate Paul Samuelson as “the archetype of a late-twentieth century American scholar”, Tobin was without doubt one of the most influential economists of his time who inspired a whole generation of students. In this interview, Professor Tobin discusses the progress and development of economics in the second half of the twentieth century.

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